Toilet Paper Essay Example for Free

Toilet Paper Essay The pages of history state that there was an era in which many other alternatives were used instead of toilet papers. Examples of such alternatives included leaves, pebbles, and water. In ancient times the tribes used to clear their excreta through the remains of a corn or corncobs. They would also sometimes use the skin of the corn. Toilet paper is made up of thin fibers of trees. The increasing demand of toilet roles is decreasing the amount of trees, which are of a great use. The manufacturers of toilet roles many times chop the trees but as it is said they do not understand the importance and just throw the remaining fiber as if it is not of any use. On average, Britons use 17.6 kilograms of toilet paper annually whereas Americans use 15.7 kilograms annually. (Waterfield, 2007) In all, Americans consume 27% of the total wood produced globally. On average, each American uses 75 cubic meters of wood annually. In North America alone, almost half of the coastal temperate rainforests have been wiped out. Almost half of the forests that were originally spread over an area of 48% of the Earths land surface have been lost. Moreover, â€Å"only one-fifth of the Earths original forests remain pristine and undisturbed.† (NRDC: Forest Facts, 2004) In the United States, 94% of the original forests have already been destroyed. Currently, 307,000 square kilometers of forests are remaining which make up around 2% of the total forest remaining worldwide. (Remaining Frontier Forest, n.d.) Toilet Paper manufacturers like Kimberly-Clark say that consumers want non-recycled toilet papers because of their softness which is not possible by using recycled material. â€Å"One million trees would be saved if every U.S. household replaced just one 250-count package of virgin fiber napkins with 100 percent recycled ones. 424,000 trees would be spared by replacing a 500-sheet roll of virgin fiber toilet paper.†Ã‚   (Llanos, 2006) (NRDC: A Shoppers Guide, 2005) Most manufacturers use pulp because it increases the softness of toilet papers. As stated above, many consumers prefer those toilet papers which are soft although the use of recycled toilet papers reduces environmental hazards like global warming by saving trees and forests. Approximately in the USA 5.8 million tons of tissues grades, toilet paper, towels, sanitary products, facial tissues, and diapers are produced yearly. And around 3.5 million tons of scrap paper was used to manufacture aforementioned products. â€Å"By recycling 1 ton of paper you save: 17 trees 6953 gallons of water, 463 gallons of oil, 587 pounds of air pollution, 3.06 cubic yards of landfill space, and 4077 Kilowatt hours of energy.† (Fun Facts, n.d.) An average roll contains 227 grams weight, which usually include the cardboard core tube and this is just over half of a pound. In paper related manufacturing account shows that around 28 percent of trees have been cut down in this respect. However, more trees are planted every annum instead of chopped down. Fortunately, on an average five trees are planted in place of one chopped down tree. (Fun Facts, n.d.) There are over five hundred paper mills are working in the United States. Global production of paper is predictable to expand forty six percent by the year 2040. In this regard, One of the most complete sources for tree-free paper is the â€Å"Oregon based Fiber Options Paper Company catalog†. The owner of the company Karen said that, plants just like â€Å"kenaf† produce four times as much fiber per annum as tress. Hence the plant shorter fiber also forms them more easily recyclable. (Fun Facts, n.d.) Recycled paper is paper that comprises fiber from waste paper. Nevertheless, there is no global agreement on the exact definition of this. According to paper user’s environmental forum checklist recycled paper should comprise as high proportion of pre consumer fiber waste as possibility proportionate. A pre consumer waste paper is a paper that has been used by the end-user for the indented purpose. Recycling paper is not only gathering wastepaper, but also using paper with recycled substances. Certainly, Toilet paper with high-recycled content is neither expensive nor difficult to acquire. â€Å"Recycled paper, either pre or post-consumer materials needs to be washed and is often deinked prior to being pulped. The pulp goes through a bleaching process to make it whiter. There are many bleaching processes; New Leaf Paper chooses a processed chlorine free process. Once the pulp is bleached, it enters a series of phases including the following: the paper forming section; the press section where water is removed by pressing the wet paper between rolls and felts; and the drying section where the moisture content is reduced to the desired level; and the calendering section where the paper is compacted and smoothed progressively as it travels down a stack of steel rolls. After completion, the paper is stored in either rolls or cut into sheets†. (Fun Facts, n.d.) A research conducted by EPA for congress in the early 1970’s disclosed the facts that by using one ton of 100 percent recycled paper we can saves 4100 Kwh of energy, which is sufficient for 1 home for six months besides this we can save 7000 gallons of water. The study further revealed that it also keeps more than sixty pounds of pollution out of the fresh air and hence saves 3.3 cubic yard of landfill space, which is increasingly significant as many domestic landfills near capacity. Moreover, representatives of paper industry companies also approximated that 1 ton of recycled paper saves nearly 17 trees. (Fun Facts, n.d.) References    Fun Facts (n.d.) http://www.toiletpaperworld.com/tpw/encyclopedia/navigation/funfacts.htm Accessed, June 5, 2007 Llanos, Miguel (2006, April 21) Ready to rethink toilet paper for Earth Day? http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12318915/ Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: A Shoppers Guide to Home Tissue Products (2005, Oct 26) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/gtissue.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 NRDC: Forest Facts (2004, Aug 27) http://www.nrdc.org/land/forests/fforestf.asp Accessed, June 5, 2007 Remaining Frontier Forest (n.d.) http://www.endgame.org/gtt-deforestation.html Accessed, June 5, 2007 Waterfield, Bruno 05/02/2007 Britons lead the way in toilet paper use http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/02/05/wrolls05.xml Accessed, June 5, 2007

Ice and Sand :: essays research papers

Ice and sand is an eye opening video about just what the title states: ice and sand. It talks about the polar ice caps and the affects of green house gasses to the environment. This movie talks about what would happen if the ice sheets in the north and South Pole melt, and how weather systems are changeable. It talks about the sands in the Sahara and how they blow all the way to Paris, it also states that it is largest dessert in the world. This movie is very informative about â€Å"Ice and Sand†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the movie â€Å"Ice and sand† it talks about the polar ice caps. These ice caps are located at the north and south poles of the Earth, and take up a large potion of the earth’s water. Ice caps fluctuate from year to year, growing and shrinking with weather changes. Greenhouse gasses are causing these ice caps to melt more and more every year though. If the ice caps were to melt completely, it would raise our ocean level ten to twenty stories about what it is now. This would send places like Nova Scotia, Vancouver, and New York completely under water. Scientists are not really quit sure what will happen with green house gases, whether they will cause a flood from melting the ice caps, or whether it will send us into another ice age. If it were to send us into another ice age, only people in very southern countries would be likely to survive due to the extremely cold whether. Scientists have determined that weather systems are changeable. Over a large amount of time, the earths tilt changes, causing the axis’s to tilt more one way then it used to, and thus changing the weather. Greenhouse gasses may also change the weather, making our climate either much hotter or much cooler. Ice caps and deserts have one thing in common, one small change in the weather can change them- and they will change the world. The Sahara desert is known as the largest dessert in the world, it covers a third of the continent of Africa. The thing about the desert is that it is always changing, new vegetation is sprouting and animals are dying and being born. During the day the desert is very hot, about 50 degrees Celsius, but at night time temperatures can drop very low. In the night is when the desert rains, for temperatures are too hot during the day for clouds to accumulate above them, and water is limited so there isn’t much precipitation.

PHI 208 What Is Philosophy Essay

Many philosophers insist that our most strongly held beliefs should be examined and critically evaluated. Using the required text and outside sources, explain what philosophers mean when they say that beliefs need justification? If you are having trouble making friends on campus, get involved in a club or two. Find any organized activity that you are interested in, and you will automatically be spending time with other students who share at least one of your passions. It can be helpful to have friends who are fellow students but not your immediate classmates. This work PHI 208 What Is Philosophy includes composition on philosophy meaning Philosophy – General Philosophy Many philosophers insist that our most strongly held beliefs should be examined and critically evaluated. Using the required text and outside sources, explain what philosophers mean when they say that beliefs need justification? If you are having trouble making friends on campus, get involved in a club or two. Find any organized activity that you are interested in, and you will automatically be spending time with other students who share at least one of your passions. It can be helpful to have friends who are fellow students but not your immediate classmates. This work PHI 208 What Is Philosophy includes composition on philosophy meaning Philosophy – General Philosophy Many philosophers insist that our most strongly held beliefs should be examined and critically evaluated. Using the required text and outside sources, explain what philosophers mean when they say that beliefs need justification? If you are having trouble making friends on campus, get involved in a club or two. Find any organized activity that you are interested in, †¦ Search for more tutorials here – https://bitly. com/1wyS4ob If you are having trouble making friends on campus, get involved in a club or two. Find any organized activity that you are interested in, and you will automatically be spending time with other students who share at least one of your passions. It can be helpful to have friends who are fellow students but not your immediate classmates. Philosophy – General Philosophy Many philosophers insist that our most strongly held beliefs should be examined and critically evaluated. Using the required text and outside sources, explain what philosophers mean when they say that beliefs need justification? †¦

A New Competitor Successfully Entering The Market Essay

The ERI naturally tends towards a dominance of large platforms due to strong cross-side network effects. Thus, the following strategic challenges impact the viability of a new competitor successfully entering the market. The ERI currently has significant barriers to entry due to customer switching costs, brand identity, customer loyalty and intellectual property. New competitors would need a solution with enough value to justify a switch from the current leading platform for both restaurants and diners. A new competitor in online reservations must face the challenge of building both sides of its ecosystem: not enough restaurants on one side of the network leaves little incentive for diners to sign up, and vice versa. Essentially, the RRI is winner-take-all market and competitors need consider their chances of success before competing. However, advancements in information technology (IT), specifically the internet and the cloud, have highlighted the profitable concept of OpenTable’s model and thus the threat of increased competition is extremely high. The ERI is evolving rapidly and now is rich in enveloping opportunities. The restaurant-reservation industry is now primarily a technology based business which means barriers to innovative disruption are high (May, 2015). A proliferation of competition from other online booking platforms are now more easily able to incorporate similar features into their own service, and these rapid technological changes may soon render OpenShow MoreRelatedEssay Dell case1213 Words   |  5 Pagesstandards, and was therefore taken off the market again. Dell had to solve the problem of balancing the production of laptops, desktops and servers. On the laptop market, which Dell was committed to re-enter due to its growing customer base, there were a number of technological problems. Dell had hired John Medica, lead developer of Apple computer’s Powerbook line, and according to him, only one of the laptops being developed would be able to compete on the market. However, it would take some time beforeRead More1.The Disruption Of Significant Supplier Relationships1383 Words   |  6 Pagescomparable stores and on new store openings, and the failure in achieve these goals could negatively impact the results of operations and financial condition of the Company. The company’s operating results may be importantly impacted by fluctuations in their comparable store sales. The comparable store sales growth could be lower than the historical average for many reasons including the impact of new and acquired stores entering into the comparable store base, the opening of new stores that cannibalizeRead MoreCase Study Aol: Lost in Translation1289 Words   |  6 Pagesin entering the Brazilian Market! 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Therefore the key question we will try to answer in this analysis of the CarMax case is, can CarMax continue to grow successfully given theRead MoreEssay on Zara Case1442 Words   |  6 Pagesreact quicker to their demands. With frequent shipments to the stores to restock stores, Zara is able to turnover their inventory at faster rates then their competitors while implementing high levels of control. As a result of Zara’s business model, there is no reason to wonder why they are more profitable than any of their main competitors (Gap, Ha mp;M, amp; Benetton). Zara’s ability to be both a retailer and manufacturer gives them a substantial advantage in profitability. 2. What areRead MoreMajor Forces That Are Leading International Firms Essay743 Words   |  3 Pagesoperations which includes (1) political (2) technological (3) market (4) cost and (5) competition. 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The Formation Of Grassroots Organizations - 1335 Words

The formation of grassroots organizations in the mid twentieth century proved to be an essential driving force of the Asian American movement, mainly due to their ambitions and ability to attack racial problems in communities. At the height of the 1960’s civil rights movement, the Asian American Political Alliance, and the I Wor Kuen were notable grassroot organizations. The AAPA, for short, was birthed on the campus of UC Berkeley in California, while the I Wor Kuen was formed in New York City’s Chinatown. Their core goal is notably identical; their desire to create a utopian society separate from â€Å"white America†. Ultimately, the organizations of the AAPA and the I Wor Kuen coincide in their ambitions to create their own absolute society, but differ in their strategies to demobilize the forces standing in their way. The discrepancies occurring in both organizations between their planned actions and final accomplishments reveal the common nature of these two grassroots organizations. The Asian American Political Alliance’s principals lie in the ability for Asian Americans to have social freedom from discrimination and economic prosperity through the creation of their own society. In accordance to their newsletter, this idea stems from the AAPA’s outlook on â€Å"white America† as â€Å"historically racist and one, which has systematically employed social discrimination and economic imperialism†. In economics, the Asian American Political Alliance was determined to discontinue theShow MoreRelatedThe Government Must Maintain Crucial Relationships With The Society1135 Words   |  5 Pagesenabled the cooperation between the state and the social organizations. The social organizations, such as NGOs, have a significant role in connecting the state and the society and in enhancing their relationship. 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Milton Hershey s Influence On Life - 1262 Words

The founder of Hershey Chocolate, Milton Hershey, had a long journey to creating some of the most famous candy today. From a young age he lived in poverty and his parents constantly fought due to differences, which would always have an impact on Milton’s life. He started out in the business struggling, first with his caramel business going under and the unhelpful advice of his father that only led to Milton making more mistakes. Once Milton made it big he went on to do amazing things and dedicated a big part of his life to helping other people and focusing on the well-being of his employees. Milton Hershey was indeed one of the most famous and successful people in the candy community, but it was only through many hardships and stress that got him there. Hershey was born in the year 1857 in the town of Hockersville, Pennsylvania. His parents were Mennonites (similar to the Amish); his mother Fanny Hershey was very strict about her religion, she valued hard work and a modest living. However, his father Henry Hershey, was the complete opposite. He was an inventor and loved science and literature, however he was not very successful. This caused them to be one of the poorest families in their community, some could even recall Milton has a young boy walking the streets trying to sell things for pennies. Not only that, but his parents constantly fought about Milton’s education, where in the end he only learned to about a 4th grade level. Soon things changed though after Milton’sShow MoreRelatedSuccessful Failure Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pageschocolate bar (Erdman). He is well-known for not only â€Å"The Hershey Chocolate Company†, but his own â€Å"town of Hershey† (â€Å"Milton Hershey† 144). As a phi lanthropist, entrepreneur, and giver; Milton Hershey created his own American Dream through many failures and perseverance. Milton Hershey was born on September 13, 1857, in a â€Å"Pennsylvania farm in Derry Township† (â€Å"Milton Hershey† 142). 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The 5 Step Risk Management Model Essay Example For Students

The 5 Step Risk Management Model Essay The 5-step risk management model offers a continuous, organized decision-making method to guide the risk planning process. This model allows managers to 1) identify risks, 2) assess hazards, 3) develop controls and make decisions, 4) implement controls, and 5) supervise and evaluate changes. The 5-step model forms the basis for deliberate planning, and familiarization further forms a framework for individuals that make risk decisions at the operational phase or tactical level. Step one begins with the identification of hazards associated with a specific activity. A hazard is any real or potential condition that compromises the health and wellness or death of personnel, or damages or destroys equipment and property. During this step, review current plans and tasks associated with a specific operation and attempt to list all known hazards or factors that may lead to a mishap. Additionally, list any causes linked to each specific hazard and determine possible root causes. After identifying hazards, an assessment of those hazards can be made. This involves determining the quantitative and/or qualitative factors to estimate the probability and severity of an undesirable state from occurring. Assessments are made by evaluating time, vicinity, scope, or frequency of exposure to a hazard. Severity should be determined with consideration of impact on personnel, equipment, and operational capability, and an estimate of the probability of the hazard occurring should be determined. From there, a comprehensive risk assessment can be determined and a level of risk assigned in relation to severity and probability. A risk assessment matrix can be used to determine the outcome of a hazard. Levels of risk range from extremely high, high, medium, or low, and are determined based on the probability of occurrence in relation to the severity of the consequence. Severity is broken down into four levels: catastrophic, critical, moderate, and negligible. The probability of the event from occurring is divided into five different levels: frequent, likely, occasional, seldom, and unlikely. The matrix is then used as a visual guide to determine the level of risk and overall impact. The third step of the model involves the development of controls to mitigate or eliminate risk. This starts with identifying control options beginning with the highest risk hazards that are identified in step two. Every hazard has at least one control that can be implemented to effectively mitigate, remove, or reduce a risk to an acceptable level. After identifying controls, managers should determine the effects associated with each control following step two – hazard assessment – again. Other factors to consider would be cost in personnel, time, and money to determine production-protection value. Once controls are determined to be a feasible method of hazard mitigation, they need to be prioritized to maximize risk reduction and optimize the use of resources. The operation or activity should be re-analyzed with the proposed controls in place to determine the effectiveness of the risk controls before they are implemented. Risk management is not a trial-and-error process and no process should be modified without assessing the effects of the change first. It is possible that a control can create a new hazard in its attempt to avoid another. Alternatively, not all hazards may be readily identifiable or predictable until after the process is implemented. For example, volcanic activity may force reroutes to flight plans over hundreds of miles to avoid engine clogging ash. Airlines will want to take the shortest route to save costs on fuel. However, if the new flightpath takes aircraft over hostile territory, this could risk aircraft being attacked from ground forces. Airlines can choose to take the risk of flying over hostile territory or to take on the financial costs of again rerouting flights hundreds of miles further to avoid both volcanic ash and the hostile territory. .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 , .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 .postImageUrl , .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 , .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7:hover , .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7:visited , .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7:active { border:0!important; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7:active , .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7 .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud125b603fd66f669f191f732b22824e7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Risk Management in Banking EssayOnce appropriate risk controls are decided upon, they need to be implemented in step four of the risk management process. Managers need to strategize the best way to develop and carry out implementation of controls. The planning process should be detailed and include the who, what, when, where, and cost for setting the gears in motion. Accountability is a key aspect of this process. From the project leader down to the front line operator, each person is responsible for doing their part exactly as planned to reach the desired goal. Any miscalculation or deviation can potentially open the door for new hazards or have negative repercussions. Ev ery stakeholder is responsible for ensuring risk controls are implemented correctly. Control implementation needs to be outlined clearly. Everyone involved should understand the vision for the changes being implemented. The person making the decisions is accountable for the roll-out process. They need to ensure a roadmap is clearly communicated to those performing the changes. The accountable executive must have a presence in this process and be willing to provide the resources needed to fully accomplish the goal. Successful implementation relies on sustained commitment across all levels with a cradle-to-grave mentality. Once implementation of hazard controls is completed, managers need to supervise and evaluate the process throughout its life cycle. All stakeholders must do their part to ensure the process remains consistent over time. Periodic evaluation is key to ensuring sustainability and effectiveness of the activity. This is done through persistent supervision and evaluation. Supervision entails continuous monitoring of the operation or activity. This increases confidence that hazard controls are effective and remain in place. Supervisors ensure that ineffective risk controls are corrected or are redirected for further risk assessments. As employees come and go, the operation or activity changes, or the mission environment evolves, risks and controls will need to be re-evaluated for currency and effectiveness. In business and safety one thing is certain: change is continuous. Part of the supervision process is evaluation. The risk management review process must be systematic. An evaluation should be performed once risk controls are in place to evaluate the cost benefit of the program. It is unlikely that initial implementation of a control will be spot-on perfect and minor adjustments and tweaking may be needed. Frequent evaluation allows for the identification of errors during enrollment and further analysis of the effectiveness of the changes. Audits and surveys provide department leaders the assurance that risk controls are doing what they are designed to do. In order to promote risk management effectiveness in an SMS there needs to be communication flow from top to bottom and bottom to top. A reporting system needs to be in place to allow line operators doing the hands on work to up-channel problems in the process. The reporting system should be widely accessible and easy enough to access for employees to be able to submit reports without frustration. The more difficult the process, the less likely a report will be made.